Method of forming a bushing structure



Jan. 17, 1939. SCHWARTZ I Filed Nov. 10, 1938 METHOD OF FORMING A BUSHING STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 17, 1939. M. SCHWARTZ 2,144,394

METHOD OF FORMING A BUSHING STRUCTURE Filed Nov. 10, 19 8 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 17, 1939 MTHOD F FORMING A BUS an G STRUCTURE Morris Schwartz, Chicago, 111., assignor to Barrel Fitting & Seal Corporation, Chicago, Ill a corporation of Illinois Application November 10, 1938, Serial No. 239,764

7 Claims.

This invention relates to a method of formin a bushing structure and has special reference to the method of clamping a connecting means to the wall of a' sheet metal container, the latter being adapted particularly for shipping or storing liquids or semi-liquids and the connecting means detachably receiving a bung or other closure.

More particularly, this invention relates to the method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container which consists in upsetting a portion of the thickness of the bushing to produce an angularly extending projection, in receiving the wall of the sheet metal container between the projection and the bushing, and in clamping the bushing and projection against opposed sides of the wall.

Sheet metal containers as used commercially today, for example, in storing or shipping oils, alcohol and the like, are formed of as inexpensive steel as their manufacture will permit for ordinary use and because of the inexpensive character of this steel the sheet material will not permit of very substantial drawing or forming operations. Bushing structures heretofore have required a substantial depth of draw in the wall or barrel head of the sheet metal containers where such bushing structures include a connecting means in clamped engagement therewith. The clamped-in type of bushing structureis preferred in the barrel trade since the welding of a connecting member to a sheet metal container has various disadvantages and primarily that of producing a'scale which cracks off and drops into the liquid or semiliquid in the container to contaminate the latter for its purpose of use.

The present invention has for one of its objects to produce a bushing'structure in which the connecting means for receiving the bung or closure is operated upon rather than the sheet metal structure of the barrel head or wall of the container in order that a minimum of mechanical operations is necessitated on the comparatively inexpensive material of the container. The

" connecting means because of its comparatively small size is preferably formed of a relatively better grade of material than the sheet metal of the container which makes it more suitable for operating upon.

In order to minimize the operations upon the wall of the sheet metal container and to provide a satisfactory clamping of the connecting means therein, it is contemplated herein to upset a portion of the thickness of the bushing or, as specifically shown in the drawings, to upset a portion of the thickness of a flange extending angularly from a cylindrical collar to produce an annular projection extending angularly from the flange, the wall of the sheet metal container being clamped between the thus-formed ring and the flange.

It is possible, in the use of the above method of forming a bushing structure, to clamp the wall of the container in a fixed relation with the connecting means without actually any forming op- 10 erations upon the material of the container. In the instance of the method disclosed in the drawings, however, a simple embossing operation is performed on the wall of the container and a simple bending operation is performed on lugs bounding the aperture in the container wall which operations, however, do not eifect any material strain on the members, the formed material being moved in one direction only.

The operation performed upon the connecting means which, in the instance of the drawing, comprises a flange extending angularly from a cylindrical collar, consists in the upsetting of a portion of the thickness of the flange to produce an angularly extending projection or ring. The upsetting operation provides a very substantial number of advantages, one of which consists in the closing of the grain of the stock in the displacedmaterial. While it is to be understood that the material of the connecting means is a better grade material than the sheet metal stock of the container, the material of the connecting-- means is not an expensive or refined material but is comparatively open grained and inexpensive. By closing the grain of the metal in the upsetting operation, a member is obtained which may be bent more readily without cracking or fracturing. Were the displaced material of the flange merely cut away by a cutting instrument from the remainder of the flange, the projection thus formed would be open grained the same as the material in its original state and would be more likely to crack or fracture upon re-bending to an approximate initial position.

In the method of this application the projection produced by the upsetting operation extends angularly from the flange and is thereafter bent over in the direction from which the displaced material was originally obtained and the point at whichfracture is most likely to occur is, of course, at the base of the projection which acts more or less as a pivotal point in the bending of the projection over the wall of the container.

In upsetting a portion of the thickness of the bushing to produce the angularly extending pror jection, the projection thus produced is not of uniform thickness but decreases in a direction toward the free end thereof or, in other words, the projection is of decreasing thickness in a direction away from the base thereof terminating in a short radius. Since the upsetting of the stock provides an increased thickness at the base where fracture is most likely to occur, the upsetting operation, therefore, increases the strength of the collar generally.

The free-end of the projection is of substantially less thickness than the thickness of the projection at the base which is of vital importance in the operation to clamp the projection against the side of the wall of the sheet metal container. The forming operation is performed by punch and'die mechanisms actuating in a substantially vertical path and the pressure frdm the punch on the projection is substantially straight downwardly thereupon so that by reason of the gradually decreasing thickness of the projection and the radius at the end, the turning over of the end of the projection is greatly facilitated.

The upsetting operation in forming the annular projection or ring extending angularly from the flange produces a projection which is of greater average thickness and of less length than the original displaced material. As is shown in the drawings, the original length of the material displaced is and after the upsetting operation the length of the same material is A". The original thickness of the displaced material is .038 and the thickness of the material at the base of the projection after it is formed is .092".

In perforating the wall of a sheet metal container to produce the aperture through which the annular projection or ring is in: rted. spaced notches are produced about the periphery of the aperture, the notches being formed substantially at right angles to the wall of the container. Corresponding spaced notches are provided in the flange on thesurface on which the material of the upset projection is displaced. When the annular projection or ring is turned or beaded over it clamps the wall of the barrel stock at the point where the lugs of the barrel stock are locked in the spaced notches of the flange which provides a very tight assembly,

The close proximity of the above locking means to the collar, the latter receiving the plug, effects a maximum resistance against torsion. Therefore, in screwing the plug into the collar of the connecting means, the torsion set up thereby is resisted to a comparatively great extent because a minimum of leverage is obtained, or conversely, a maximum of resistance is set up in the'structure.

The perimeter of the turned-down projection or ring lies within an embossing of the barrel stock so that when a pump is inserted into the barrel-and secured to the connecting means a movement of the pump, such for example as a repeated backward and forward movement of the pump in the barrel, will produce a bend or giving, if any, of the material at the embossing before a distortion may be obtained on the turned-down projection or ring. In other words, if any material of the entire assembly gives at all it would be the barrel stock rather than the bushing structure, and particularly, such action would most likely occu'r first at the embossing.

The provision of the locking means, disclosed in the drawings as being spaced notches and lugs, facilitates the assembly of the connecting means to the barrel head, the complementary lugs and notches acting to center the connecting means in section is disposed about the annular projection or ring so that the longest dimension becomes the height thereof on the ring to clear the notches when in an angularly extending condition, and in turning the projection over upon one side of the wall the gasket turns therewith so that the longest dimension thereof becomes the width and seals the complementary notches and lugs. The gasket is of itself sealed within the confines of the projecting member when the latter is turned over so that the gasket is not at any time in contact with the contents of the container which if the contents thereof are foodstuffs may become contaminated. If the contents of the container were other than foodstuffs, such as oil, alcohol or the like, there would likewise be no contact with the gasket to effect a deterioration of the gasket. The gasket thus serves as a seal between the wall of the container and the connecting means, and the gasket is of itself concealed and not in a position to contact with the contents of the container.

Sealing means may be provided for preventing undetectable access to the contents of the container, the sealing means being shown in several forms, one of which comprises upsetting the peripheral edge of the flange to provide a portion of reduced cross section thereat. A seat is thus provided beneath the flange into which the end of the skirt of a sealing cap may be tucked so that the edge lies in a position such as will prevent its removal therefrom by applying a sharp hook-shaped tool.

The reduced peripheral portion of the flange may be provided with a plurality of apertures to receive a wire which latter may pass through an aperture of the plug. Another form may comprise a sheet metal sealing lug confined between the projection and the flange, the ear extending outwardly therefrom and having an aperture therein at the end thereof for receiving a seal ing wire which latter may pass througl: an aperture in the plug, The sealing lug may l3; heldagainst lateral displacement by bein disposed between the upstanding lugs of the wall r2 the container or upon the lugs thereof in a manner to be hereafter more particularly pointed out.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a method for forming a bushing structure of the character indicated above in which the material of the sheet metal container is not sub jected to the usual strains accompanying the clamping of a connecting member thereto. It is also an object of this invention to provide a method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container of the type above noted which is comparatively inexpensive to operate and which will form-an emcient bushingstructure.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will hereinafter be more particularly pointed out and, for a more complete understanding of the characteristic features of this invention, reference may now be had to the following description when taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which latter: I

Figure l is a central sectional view of a connecting member preferably formed of sheet metal;

Fig. 2 is a fragmental elevational view of the forming tools showing an initial step in the upsetting ofthe flange of the connecting means, the connecting means of Fig. 1 being mounted in position for receiving the upsetting operation;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the completion of the upsetting operation performed on the flange;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the punch and die mechanism for performing the final step of the operation upon the flange of theconnecting means to produce the spaced notches and reduced peripheral portion, the connecting means of Fig. 3 having been operated upon;

Fig. 5 is a bottom plan elevational view of the connecting means after the operation of Fig. 4

is completed;

Fig. 6 is a central sectional view of a fragmentary' portion of the punch and die mechanism for perforating the aperture in the sheet metal wall of the container and for producing the upstanding spaced lugs about the aperture thus formed and embossed portion therearound, the view showing the final step of the operation;

Fig. '7 is a top plan elevational viewof a fragmentary portion of the sheet metal container showing the condition thereof after operation thereupon by the forming dies of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a front elevational view. partially in section of a fragmentary portion of the punch and die mechanism for operating upon the connecting means and wall assembly, the dies being shown in an initial step of the operation.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the relation of the connecting means and wall prior to the operation thereupon by the punch and die mechanism of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 after a completion of the step of the operation thereupon by the punch and die mechanism of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary perspective view of the bushing structure of Fig. 10 showing a portion broken away todisclose a modified form of sealing member; and

Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 11 showing a still further modified form of sealing member.

Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, thereof, the connecting means is shown as initially comprising an annular flange l5 extending angularly from a cylindrical collar 16. The connecting means is preferably formed from sheet metal, the sheet being' perforated and the material bounding the perforation being turned up into the form of a collar l6 although it is to be understood that the particular method of forming the collar and flange and the materials from which they are formed is not a part of this in- Vention.

- The flanged collar constituting the connecting means is disposed on a rotatable support H having a reduced extension l8 engaging the bore of the collar. The enlarged portion of the rotatable support serves as a backing plate for the flange l5 and the connecting means is urged into engagement therewith by pressure suitably-applied on the end of the collar 16. A disc-shaped tool I!) is rotatably mounted on a movable support and has a flat peripheral face 2| and a coextensive outwardly outwardly converging face 22. The flat peripheral face of the tool I9 is approximately the thickness of the material to be displaced on the flange I 5 and the width of the converging face is suflicient to project slightly beyond the length of the projecting portion to be upset from the material of the flange.

The rotatable support is operated to rotate the connecting means and the tool I9 is moved diametrically inwardly into engagement with the flange to upset a portion of the thickness of the flange to produce. as shown in Fig. 3, an angularly extending annular projection or ring 23. The original thickness of the flange indicated by the letter A, for example, may be .148" and the material to be displaced therefrom, indicated by the letter C, is originally .038" leaving a thickness of the remaining portion of the flange, indicated by the letter B, as .110". The depth of travel of the tool I9 is indicated by the letter E as The resultant annular projection or ring as indicated by theletter F is A" in length and at its thickest portion at the base, as indicated by the letter D. is .092. Thus, the upsetting operation produces a greater average thickness in cross section of the annular projection or ring while the length of the projection thus formed is less than the original displaced material.

The upsetting of the material from a portion of the thickness of the flange closes the grain of the stock and increases the strength of the ring at that portion thereof where fracture is most likely to occur in the subsequent beading or turning operation. Further, the upsetting of the material produces a comparatively thin free edge and, as a mater of fact, the extreme edge is formed on a radius so that the subsequent turning operation, by movement of the die members in a vertical relation, is facilitated.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 4 of the drawings, the connecting means in the form shown in Fig. 3 is inserted into a punch and die mechanism in which the die 24 has an annular bore into which is received the ring 23 and collar l6, the flange l5 resting on the upper surface of the die adjacent the bore thereof. The die is provided with a series of spaced forming elements 25 for producing spaced notches 26 on the flange. The peripheral edge of the flange I5 is compressed to form an anchorage portion 21 for receiving a sealing cap as will hereinafter be more particularly pointed out.

In assembling the connecting means to the wall of the sheet metal container, the wall 28 as shown more particularly in Fig. 6 is operated upon by a punch and die mechanism 29 and 30, respectively, the punch 29 having a reduced extension 3| for perforating the wall 28 to produce an aperture and the side walls of the extension 3! being provided with vertically extending spaced recesses 32 which, after the perforating operation, form upstanding spaced lugs 33 adjacent the aperture. The material of the wall 28 of the sheet metal container is also preferably simultaneously operated upon to produce an em- .bossment 34 from the material surrounding the perforation. The lugs 33 are spaced substantially the same as the notches in the flange 15 although, referring more particularly to Fig. 9 of the drawings, the height of the lugs isa little greater than the depth of the notches, while the width of the lugs is preferably a little less than the width of the notches.

A gasket 35 is disposed around the annular projection or ring 23 and the collar I6 and the ring 23 together with the gasket 35 are inserted through the aperture in the wall 28 of the sheet metal container to a position such that the lugs 33 engage the notches 26. The assembly of the connecting means and the wall 28 is then inserted between a punch and die mechanism 36 and 31. The die 31 hasa central bore for receiving the collar l6 and the face of the die adjacent the bore is provided with a recess 38 for engaging the end of the annular projection or ring 23 as the punch 36 moves downwardly. A continued movement of the punch 36 curls or beads the annular projection or ring 23 over into engagement with the wall 28 of the receptacle within the embossment 3d, and forces the material of the lugs 33 to fill the notches 26, the lugs being thus distorted and having a substantial frictional contact therewith.

The gasket 35 is forced into engagement with the stock of the barrel adjacent the aperture thereof during the above forming operation and finds its way into the notches should any portion thereof not be filled up by the lugs. The complementary lugs and notches provide a means for the prevention of rotation of the connecting means with respect to the wall 28 of the barrel and also should a pump be threaded into the conr acting means and be moved by force from the vertical position thereof, the complementary lugs and notches prevent the connecting means from being pulled away from the barrel stock.

The reduced peripheral edge 2?, as seen best in Fig. 10, provides an anchorage for a cap seal 39, the lower end of the skirt it being tucked under the seat formed by the reduced peripheral edge to a position adjacent the barrel stock. In looking the cap seal to the connectmg means in this manner it would be impossible to remove the cap by applying a sharp hook-shaped tool between the peripheral edge of reduced cross section and the embossment 3Q. Should it not be desirable to provide a sealing cap of the character noted above, a plurality of holes 4B may be provided in the reduced peripheral edge for the reception of a wire seal, the seal extending through a hole in the plug.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 11 of the drawings, it may be desirable to provide a sealing lug held in position by the flange l5 and the annular projection or ring 23, the lug t2 having an aperture 3 at one end thereof for receiving a wire seal extending through an aperture in the plug for the connecting means, the other end of the sealing lug being bent over to provide an ear M. The sealing lug 62 is disposed between adjacent pairs of notches 33 to prevent sidewise displacement of the lug, the ear it extending over the peripheral edge of the wall bounding the aperture therein to prevent endwise displacement.

The sealing lug d5 of Fig. 12 is substantially the same as that above described with reference to Fig. 11, one end thereof having an aperture 6 for receiving a'sealing wire extending through an aperture in the plug for the connecting means and the other end having an aperture for receiving the lug 33 of the wall 28 of the barrel. The seal is disposed with the wall 28 adjacent the flange l5 and the annular projection or ring 23, in clamping the wall against the flange I5, also clamps the sealing lug 65 in position therebetween While but a single embodiment of the method of this invention is herein shown and described, it-is to be understood that various modifications thereof may be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention and, therefore, the same is only to be limited by the scope of the prior art and th appended claims.

I claim: 1. The method of forming a bushing structure of the wail.

for a sheet metal container which consists in forcing a flat edged tool against one side of the outermost edge of the bushing to upset a portion of the thickness thereof to produce a projection forming an angular peripheral recess, in receiving a wall of the sheet metal container in said recess between the projection'and the bushing, and in clamping the bushing and projection against opposed sides of the wall.

2. The method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container which consists in forcing a flat edged tool against the outermost edge of the bushing over a predetermined width at one sidethereof and to a predetermined depth to upset a portion of the thickness of the bushing to produce a projection forming an angular recess, said projection being of greater average thickness than said predetermined width and of less length than saidpredetermined depth, in receiving a wall of the sheet metal container in said recess between the projection and the bushing, andin clamping the bushing and projection against opposed sides of the wall.

3. The method'of forming a bushing structure for a sheetmetal container which consists in forcing a flat edged tool against one side of the outermost edge of the bushing to upset at portion of the thickness thereof to produce a projection forming an angular peripheral recess, in receiving a wall of the sheet metal container said recess between the projection and the bushing, in forming complementary locking members in the overlying portions of said wall and bushing, and in clamping the bushing and projection against opposed sides of the wall.

4. The method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container which consists in forcing a flat edged tool against one side ofv the outermost edge of the bushing to upset a portion of the thickness thereof to produce a projection forming an angular peripheral recess, in forging a depression in the surface of the bushing from which the material of said projection is displaced, in forming a lug on a wall of the sheet metal container, in receiving the portion of the wall of the sheet metal container having the lug in said recess between the projection and the bushing, and in clamping the bushing and projection against opposed sides of the wall.

5. The method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container which consists in forcing a flat edged roller against one side of the outermost edge of aportion of the thickness of a flange extending angularly from a cylindrical collar to produce a ring forming an angular peripheral recess on said flange, in receiving a wall of the sheet metal container in said recess between the ring and the flange, and in clamping the flange and the ring against opposed sides of the wall.

6. The method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container which consists in upsetting a portion of the thickness of a flange extending angularly from a cylindrical collar to produce a ring extending angularly from said flange, in forming a plurality of spaced depressions in the surface of the flange from which the material of said ring is displaced, in perforating a wall ofthe sheet metal container to produce an aperture with upstanding spaced lugs adjacent said aperture, in inserting said ring and said collar through said aperture with said notches registering with said lugs, and in clamping the flange and the ring against opposed sides 'L The method of forming a bushing structure for a sheet metal container which consists in forcing a flat edged roller against one side of the outermost edge of a portion of the thickness of a flange extending angularly from a cylindrical collar to produce a ring forming an angular peripheral recess on said flange, in inserting the ring and collar through an aperture in a wall of the sheet metal container to a position such that the flange rests in said recess against one side of the wall, in disposing a gasket about the side wall of said ring, and in clamping the flange and the ring against opposed sides of the wall 5 concealing said gasket.

MORRIS SCHWARTZ. 

